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Bhagavad Gita · BG 1.16

Bhagavad Gita 1.16 — Commentary

18 Scholarly Commentaries · Advaita · Vishishtadvaita · Dvaita · Bhakti

Shankaracharya · Ramanuja · Madhvacharya · Chinmayananda · Sivananda · and more

Sanskrit Original — मूल श्लोक

अनन्तविजयं राजा कुन्तीपुत्रो युधिष्ठिरः। नकुलः सहदेवश्च सुघोषमणिपुष्पकौ

anantavijayaṁ rājā kuntī-putro yudhiṣhṭhiraḥ nakulaḥ sahadevaśhcha sughoṣha-maṇipuṣhpakau

"King Yudhishthira, the son of Kunti, blew the Anantavijaya; Nakula and Sahadeva blew the Sughosha and the Manipushpaka."

Scholar Commentaries (18)

Compare how different schools of Vedantic philosophy interpret this verse.

Sri Shankaracharya

8th century CE · Advaita Vedanta

Advaita

The greatest Advaita philosopher, authored the definitive Sanskrit commentary (Bhasya) on the Gita.

1.16 Sri Sankaracharya did not comment on this sloka. The commentary starts from 2.10.

Sri Ramanuja

11th–12th century CE · Vishishtadvaita

Vishishtadvaita

Founder of Vishishtadvaita, emphasized Bhakti and the personal nature of Brahman.

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच सञ्जय उवाच दुर्योधनः स्वयमेव भीमाभिरक्षितं पाण्डवानां बलम् आत्मीयं च भीष्माभिरक्षितं बलम् अवलोक्य आत्मविजये तस्य बलस्य पर्याप्तताम् आत्मीयस्य बलस्य तद्विजये चापर्याप्तताम् आचार्याय निवेद्य अन्तरे विषण्णः अभवत्। तस्य विषादम् आलोक्य भीष्मः तस्य हर्षं जनयितुं सिंहनादं शङ्खाध्मानं च कृत्वा शङ्खभेरीनिनादैः च विजयाभिशंसिनं घोषं च अकारयत्। ततः तं घोषम् आकर्ण्य सर्वेश्वरेश्वरः पार्थसारथी रथी च पाण्डुतनयः त्रैलोक्यविजयोपकरणभूते महति स्यन्दने स्थितौ त्रैलोक्यं कम्पयन्तौ श्रीमत्पाञ्चजन्यदेवदत्तौ दिव्यौ शङ्खौ प्रदध्मतुः। ततो युधिष्ठिरवृकोदरादयः च स्वकीयान् शङ्खान् पृथक् पृथक् प्रदध्मुः। स घोषो दुर्योधनप्रमुखानां सर्वेषाम् एव भवत्पुत्राणां हृदयानि बिभेद। अद्य एव नष्टं कुरूणां बलम् इति धार्त्तराष्ट्रा मेनिरे। एवं तद्विजयाभिकाङ्क्षिणे धृतराष्ट्राय संजयः अकथयत्।अथ युयुत्सून् अवस्थितान् धार्तराष्ट्रान् भीष्मद्रोणप्रमुखान् दृष्ट्वा लङ्कादहनवानरध्वजः पाण्डुतनयो ज्ञानशक्तिबलैश्वर्यवीर्यतेजसां निधिं स्वसंकल्पकृतजगदुदयविभवलयलीलं हृषीकेशं परावरनिखिलजनान्तर्बाह्यसर्वकरणानां सर्वप्रकारकनियमने अवस्थितं समाश्रितवात्सल्यविवशतया स्वसारथ्ये अवस्थितं युयुत्सून् यथावत् अवेक्षितुं तदीक्षणक्षमे स्थाने रथं स्थापय इति अचोदयत्।

Sri Madhavacharya

13th century CE · Dvaita Vedanta

Dvaita

Proponent of Dvaita philosophy emphasizing the eternal distinction between soul and God.

Sri Madhvacharya did not comment on this sloka. The commentary starts from 2.11.

Swami Sivananda

20th century CE · Integral Yoga

Integral Yoga

Divine Life Society founder who synthesised Jnana, Bhakti, Karma, and Raja Yoga.

1.16 अनन्तविजयम् (the conch named) Anantavijayam? राजा the king? कुन्तीपुत्रः son of Kunti? युधिष्ठिरः Yudhishthira? नकुलः Nakula? सहदेवः Sahadeva? च and? सुघोषमणिपुष्पकौ (the conches named) Sughosha and Manipushpaka.No Commentary.

Swami Ramsukhdas

20th century CE · Gita Press Gorakhpur

Bhakti

Prolific author and commentator whose Hindi commentaries are among the most widely read in India.

व्याख्या--'अनन्तविजयं राजा ৷৷. सुघोषमणिपुष्पकौ'-- अर्जुन, भीम और युधिष्ठिर--ये तीनों कुन्तीके पुत्र हैं तथा नकुल और सहदेव--ये दोनों माद्रीके पुत्र हैं, यह विभाग दिखानेके लिये ही यहाँ युधिष्ठिरके लिये 'कुन्तीपुत्र' विशेषण दिया गया है। युधिष्ठिरको 'राजा' कहनेका तात्पर्य है कि युधिष्ठिरजी वनवासके पहले अपने आधे राज्य-(इन्द्रप्रस्थ-) के राजा थे, और नियमके अनुसार बारह वर्ष वनवास और एक वर्ष अज्ञातवासके बाद वे राजा होने चाहिये थे। 'राजा' विशेषण देकर सञ्जय यह भी संकेत करना चाहते हैं कि आगे चलकर धर्मराज युधिष्ठिर ही सम्पूर्ण पृथ्वीमण्डलके राजा होंगे।

Sri Harikrishnadas Goenka

19th–20th century CE · Gita Press

Vaishnava

Co-founder of Gita Press Gorakhpur whose translations shaped how millions of Hindus read scripture.

Sri Sankaracharya did not comment on this sloka.

Sri Anandgiri

13th century CE · Advaita

Advaita

Pupil of Adi Shankaracharya's lineage who wrote important sub-commentaries (Tikas).

एतेषामीदृशीं प्रवृत्तिं प्रतीत्य परिपालनावकाशमासाद्य राज्ञो युद्धिष्ठिरस्यापि प्रवृत्तिं दर्शयति अनन्तेति। ज्यायसां भ्रातृ़णामनुसरणमावश्यकमिति मत्वा तयोर्यवीयसोर्भ्रात्रोरपि प्रवृत्तिमाह नकुल इति।

Sri Dhanpati

14th century CE · Vedanta

Advaita

Disciple of Vidyaranya who authored important sub-commentaries on Vedantic texts.

एतेषां प्रवृत्तिमनुमोदयन् युधिष्ठोरोऽपि शङ्खपूरणे प्रवृत्त इत्याह अनन्तविजयमिति। शत्रूञ्जित्वा निष्कण्टकराज्यलाभस्तस्यैव भविष्यतीति द्योतनार्थं राजेति पदम्। कुन्त्या दुःखं राज्यलाभेनापाकरिष्यतीति कुन्तीपुत्रत्वेन ध्वनितम्। युद्धे सर्वाञ्जित्वायमेव स्थिरो भविष्यतीति सूचनाय युधिष्ठिर इति। कुन्तीपुत्रः कुन्त्या महता तपसा धर्ममाराध्य लब्धः। स्वयं राजसूययाजित्वेन मुख्यो राजेति भाव इति केचित्। ज्येष्ठभ्रातृ़णां मार्गं नकुलसहदेवावनुसृतवन्तावित्याह नकुल इति। नकुलः सुघोषं सहदेवो मणिपुष्पकं दध्मावित्यनुषज्यते। शङ्खतच्छब्दकर्तृनामकीर्तनेन परेषामुत्कर्षः सूचितः।

Sri Neelkanth

17th century CE · Advaita

Advaita

Wrote "Bhārata Bhāvadīpa", a verse-by-verse commentary on the Mahabharata including the Gita.

।। 1.16अभ्यहन्यन्त अभिहताः। कर्मकर्तरि प्रयोगः।

Sri Sridhara Swami

14th century CE · Advaita

Advaita

Authored "Subodhinī", widely praised for its clarity and depth across all Vedantic schools.

अनन्तजयमिति। नकुलः सुघोषं नाम शङ्खं दध्मौ। सहदेवो मणिपुष्पकं नाम।

Sri Vedantadeshikacharya Venkatanatha

13th–14th century CE · Vishishtadvaita

Vishishtadvaita

Prolific philosopher-poet of Sri Vaishnavism who composed the "Tatparya Chandrika" on the Gita.

दिव्यत्वोक्तिदर्शितशङ्खातिशयवैशद्याय पाञ्चजन्यदेवदत्तसंज्ञोक्तिः। एवं भीमसेनादिशङ्खचतुष्टयविशेषे नामनिर्देशोऽपि।पृथक् पृथक् प्रदध्मुरिति यथैकैकशङ्खध्वनिरेव धार्तराष्ट्रहृदयभेदाय स्यात् तथा प्रदध्मुरिति भावः। यद्वा यथास्वं प्रहर्षद्योतनाय क्रमात्प्रदध्मुरिति।स घोषः इति श्लोके नभश्च पृथिवीं चानुनादयन्नपि धार्तराष्ट्राणामेव हृदयानि बिभेदेत्यन्वयः अन्येषां तु हर्षहेतुरिति भावः।सर्वेषामेव भवत्पुत्राणामित्यनेन तेषु दृढचित्तः कश्चिदपि नास्तीति द्योतनाय धार्तराष्ट्रशब्दतद्गतबहुवचनयोरर्थ उक्तः।व्यदारथत् इत्यस्य वक्ष्यमाणाभिप्रायद्योतकं प्रतिपदंबिभेद इति। घोषस्य शस्त्रादिवत् हृदयविदारणत्वं कथमित्यत्राह अद्यैवेति। स्वबलस्य विजयित्वमध्यवस्यतां तन्नाशबुद्धिरेव हि हृदयभेद इति भावः। धार्तराष्ट्रविजयबुभुत्सया पृच्छते धृतराष्ट्राय प्रागुक्तप्रकारेण तदपजयसूचकमेव सञ्जयोऽकथयदित्याह एवमिति।

Sri Jayatritha

14th century CE · Dvaita Vedanta

Dvaita

A pre-eminent Dvaita scholar who wrote decisive commentaries defending Madhvacharya's views.

Sri Jayatirtha did not comment on this sloka. The commentary starts from 2.11.

Sri Madhusudan Saraswati

16th century CE · Advaita

Advaita

Wrote "Gudhartha Dipika", a celebrated commentary reconciling Advaita and Bhakti.

।। 1.16अन्येषमापि रथस्थत्वे स्थितएवासाधारण्येन रथोत्कर्षकथनार्थं ततः श्वेतैर्हयैर्युक्त इत्यादिना रथस्थत्वकथनम्। तेनाग्निदत्ते दुष्प्रधृष्ये रथे स्थितौ। सर्वथा जेतुमशक्यावित्यर्थः। पाञ्चजन्यो देवदत्तः पौण्ड्रोऽनन्तविजयः सुधोषो मणिपुष्पकश्चेति शङ्खनामकथनम् परसैन्ये स्वस्वनामभिः प्रसिद्धा एतावन्तः शङ्खाः भवत्सैन्ये तु नैकोऽपि स्वनामप्रसिद्धः शङ्खोऽस्तीति परेषामुत्कर्षातिशयकथनार्थम्। सर्वेन्द्रियप्रेरकत्वेन सर्वान्तर्यामी सहायः पाण्डवानामिति कथयितुं हृषिकेशपदम्। दिग्विजये सर्वान्राज्ञो जित्वा धनमाहृतवानिति सर्वथैवायमजेय इति कथयितुं धनंजयपदम्। भीष्मं हिडिम्बवधादिरूपं कर्म यस्य तादृशः वृकोदरत्वेन बह्वन्नपाकादतिबलिष्ठो भीमसेन इति कथितम्। कुन्तीपुत्र इति कुन्त्या महता तपसा धर्ममाराध्य लब्धः स्वयं च राजसूययाजित्वेन मुख्यो राजा युधि चायमेव जयभागित्वेन स्थिरो नत्वेतद्विपक्षाः स्थिरा भविष्यन्तीति युधिष्ठिरपदेन सूचितम्। नकुलः सुघोषं सहदेवो मणिपुष्पकं दध्मावित्यनुषज्यते। परमेष्वासः काश्यो महाधनुर्धरः काशिराजः। न पराजितः पारिजातहरणबाणयुद्धादिमहासंग्रामेषु एतादृशः सात्यकिः। हे पृथिवीपते धृतराष्ट्र स्थिरो भूत्वा शृण्वित्यभिप्रायः। सुगममन्यत्।

Sri Purushottamji

16th century CE · Vallabha Sampradaya

Shuddhadvaita

Son of Sri Vallabhacharya, who continued the Pushti Marg tradition of Gita exposition.

अनन्तानां विजयो येन तादृशं वादितवान्। राजेति प्रवृत्तावावश्यकता। कीदृशो राजा कुन्तीपुत्रः। कुन्तीपुत्र इति तत्प्रेरितत्वं भगवत्कृपाधिकारित्वं च ज्ञापितम्। युधिष्ठिर इति सार्थकनाम्ना सामर्थ्यम्। नकुलः सहदेवश्च सुघोषमणिपुष्पकौ वादयामासतुः।

Sri Vallabhacharya

15th–16th century CE · Shuddhadvaita

Shuddhadvaita

Founded the Pushti Marg devotional tradition, focused on Krishna as the Supreme Being.

ततो युधिष्ठिरभीमादयश्च पृथक्पृथक् शङ्खान् दध्मुः। स घोषः दुर्योधनादिहृदयानि बिभेद।

Swami Gambirananda

20th century CE · Ramakrishna Mission

Advaita

Translated the Sanskrit commentaries of Shankara into precise English for modern readers.

1.16 Sri Sankaracharya did not comment on this sloka. The commentary starts from 2.10.

Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

20th century CE · Academic / Shaiva

Shaiva

Scholar-practitioner who authored commentaries uniting rigorous Indology with spiritual practice.

1.12 1.29 Sri Abhinavgupta did not comment upon this sloka.

Swami Adidevananda

20th century CE · Ramakrishna Mission

Vishishtadvaita

Ramakrishna Mission monk who translated the Gita Bhasya of Ramanuja into English.

1.1 - 1.19 Dhrtarastra said - Sanjaya said Duryodhana, after viewing the forces of Pandavas protected by Bhima, and his own forces protected by Bhisma conveyed his views thus to Drona, his teacher, about the adeacy of Bhima's forces for conering the Kaurava forces and the inadeacy of his own forces for victory against the Pandava forces. He was grief-stricken within. Observing his (Duryodhana's) despondecny, Bhisma, in order to cheer him, roared like a lion, and then blowing his conch, made his side sound their conchs and kettle-drums, which made an uproar as a sign of victory. Then, having heard that great tumult, Arjuna and Sri Krsna the Lord of all lords, who was acting as the charioteer of Arjuna, sitting in their great chariot which was powerful enough to coner the three worlds; blew their divine conchs Srimad Pancajanya and Devadatta. Then, both Yudhisthira and Bhima blew their respective conchs separately. That tumult rent asunder the hearts of your sons, led by Duryodhana. The sons of Dhrtarastra then thought, 'Our cause is almost lost now itself.' So said Sanjaya to Dhrtarastra who was longing for their victory. Sanjaya said to Dhrtarastra: Then, seeing the Kauravas, who were ready for battle, Arjuna, who had Hanuman, noted for his exploit of burning Lanka, as the emblem on his flag on his chariot, directed his charioteer Sri Krsna, the Supreme Lord-who is overcome by parental love for those who take shelter in Him who is the treasure-house of knowledge, power, lordship, energy, potency and splendour, whose sportive delight brings about the origin, sustentation and dissolution of the entire cosmos at His will, who is the Lord of the senses, who controls in all ways the senses inner and outer of all, superior and inferior - by saying, 'Station my chariot in an appropriate place in order that I may see exactly my enemies who are eager for battle.'

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Shankaracharya's commentary on BG 1.16?

1.16 Sri Sankaracharya did not comment on this sloka. The commentary starts from 2.10.

How many scholars have commented on this verse?

VaniSagar presents 18 authoritative commentaries on Bhagavad Gita 1.16, representing Advaita, Vishishtadvaita, Dvaita, Shuddhadvaita, Kashmir Shaivism, and modern Neo-Vedantic traditions.

Which commentary is best for a beginner?

For beginners, Swami Chinmayananda's and Swami Sivananda's commentaries are most accessible, written in clear modern English. For serious scholarly study, Sri Shankaracharya's commentary is the gold standard.

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